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β3 tubulin monoclonal antibody  (Huabio Inc)

 
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    Huabio Inc β3 tubulin monoclonal antibody
    PLNP-mRNA exhibits enhanced BBB penetration and robust gene transfection in vitro and in vivo (A) Schematic representation of features of PLNP-mRNA. (B) Flow cytometry analysis of cellular uptake of Cy5-labeled PLNP-mRNA in SH-SY5Y cells after 4-h incubation. (C) Corresponding confocal fluorescence images of intracellular Cy5 signal. Scale bars, 10 μm ( n = 3). (D) GFP mRNA transfection efficiency of PLNPs in SH-SY5Y cells after 24-h incubation as determined by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy (inset). Scale bars, 50 μm ( n = 3). (E) In vivo whole-brain fluorescence imaging (left) and (right) quantification of Cy5-labeled PLNP-mRNA distribution in C57BL/6 mice 0.5 h post-intravenous injection (1 mg Cy5-mRNA equiv./kg), showing enhanced brain accumulation relative to controls ( n = 3). (F and G) (F) Ex vivo fluorescence imaging of brains isolated from treated mice and (G) quantification of Cy5 fluorescence intensity specifically in the hippocampus. Scale bars: 1 mm (left) and 300 μm (right) ( n = 3). (H) Representative confocal images showing co-localization of Cy5 signal with neurons <t>(β3-Tubulin),</t> astrocytes (GFAP), and microglia (Iba-1). Scale bars, 50 μm ( n = 3). (I and J) (I) Quantification of Cy5 fluorescence associated with each cell type and (J) fold change in Cy5-positive cell populations ( n = 3 independent experiments). (K) Schematic showing PMPC-mediated targeting of PLNP-mRNA to the BBB via binding to chTs and nAChRs on endothelial cells. (L) Brain-wide GFP expression in C57BL/6 mice 24 h after systemic administration of PLNP-GFP mRNA, visualized by ex vivo fluorescence imaging. Scale bars: 1 mm (left) and 300 μm (right). (M and N) (M) Quantitative analysis of GFP fluorescence and (N) fold-change in GFP-positive cells in the hippocampal region, compared with LNP-mRNA controls ( n = 3). (O) Representative images showing GFP expression and phosphorylated Tau (AT8) in 3×Tg-AD mice following PLNP-mGFP administration. Scale bars, 150 μm. (P) Quantification of GFP fluorescence intensity in treated mice ( n = 3). Data are presented as mean ± SD. For in vitro studies ( B–2D), mRNA concentration was 2 μg/mL. For in vivo experiments ( E–2P), dosage was 1 mg mRNA equiv./kg.
    β3 Tubulin Monoclonal Antibody, supplied by Huabio Inc, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 86/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/product/%CE%B23+tubulin+monoclonal+antibody/anti+gapdh/pmc13006394-9-0-4
    Average 86 stars, based on 1 article reviews
    β3 tubulin monoclonal antibody - by Bioz Stars, 2026-11
    86/100 stars

    Images

    1) Product Images from "Blood-brain barrier-penetrative lipid nanoparticles enable systemic delivery of TRIM11 mRNA to disaggregate Tau in Alzheimer’s disease models"

    Article Title: Blood-brain barrier-penetrative lipid nanoparticles enable systemic delivery of TRIM11 mRNA to disaggregate Tau in Alzheimer’s disease models

    Journal: Cell Reports Medicine

    doi: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2026.102685

    PLNP-mRNA exhibits enhanced BBB penetration and robust gene transfection in vitro and in vivo (A) Schematic representation of features of PLNP-mRNA. (B) Flow cytometry analysis of cellular uptake of Cy5-labeled PLNP-mRNA in SH-SY5Y cells after 4-h incubation. (C) Corresponding confocal fluorescence images of intracellular Cy5 signal. Scale bars, 10 μm ( n = 3). (D) GFP mRNA transfection efficiency of PLNPs in SH-SY5Y cells after 24-h incubation as determined by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy (inset). Scale bars, 50 μm ( n = 3). (E) In vivo whole-brain fluorescence imaging (left) and (right) quantification of Cy5-labeled PLNP-mRNA distribution in C57BL/6 mice 0.5 h post-intravenous injection (1 mg Cy5-mRNA equiv./kg), showing enhanced brain accumulation relative to controls ( n = 3). (F and G) (F) Ex vivo fluorescence imaging of brains isolated from treated mice and (G) quantification of Cy5 fluorescence intensity specifically in the hippocampus. Scale bars: 1 mm (left) and 300 μm (right) ( n = 3). (H) Representative confocal images showing co-localization of Cy5 signal with neurons (β3-Tubulin), astrocytes (GFAP), and microglia (Iba-1). Scale bars, 50 μm ( n = 3). (I and J) (I) Quantification of Cy5 fluorescence associated with each cell type and (J) fold change in Cy5-positive cell populations ( n = 3 independent experiments). (K) Schematic showing PMPC-mediated targeting of PLNP-mRNA to the BBB via binding to chTs and nAChRs on endothelial cells. (L) Brain-wide GFP expression in C57BL/6 mice 24 h after systemic administration of PLNP-GFP mRNA, visualized by ex vivo fluorescence imaging. Scale bars: 1 mm (left) and 300 μm (right). (M and N) (M) Quantitative analysis of GFP fluorescence and (N) fold-change in GFP-positive cells in the hippocampal region, compared with LNP-mRNA controls ( n = 3). (O) Representative images showing GFP expression and phosphorylated Tau (AT8) in 3×Tg-AD mice following PLNP-mGFP administration. Scale bars, 150 μm. (P) Quantification of GFP fluorescence intensity in treated mice ( n = 3). Data are presented as mean ± SD. For in vitro studies ( B–2D), mRNA concentration was 2 μg/mL. For in vivo experiments ( E–2P), dosage was 1 mg mRNA equiv./kg.
    Figure Legend Snippet: PLNP-mRNA exhibits enhanced BBB penetration and robust gene transfection in vitro and in vivo (A) Schematic representation of features of PLNP-mRNA. (B) Flow cytometry analysis of cellular uptake of Cy5-labeled PLNP-mRNA in SH-SY5Y cells after 4-h incubation. (C) Corresponding confocal fluorescence images of intracellular Cy5 signal. Scale bars, 10 μm ( n = 3). (D) GFP mRNA transfection efficiency of PLNPs in SH-SY5Y cells after 24-h incubation as determined by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy (inset). Scale bars, 50 μm ( n = 3). (E) In vivo whole-brain fluorescence imaging (left) and (right) quantification of Cy5-labeled PLNP-mRNA distribution in C57BL/6 mice 0.5 h post-intravenous injection (1 mg Cy5-mRNA equiv./kg), showing enhanced brain accumulation relative to controls ( n = 3). (F and G) (F) Ex vivo fluorescence imaging of brains isolated from treated mice and (G) quantification of Cy5 fluorescence intensity specifically in the hippocampus. Scale bars: 1 mm (left) and 300 μm (right) ( n = 3). (H) Representative confocal images showing co-localization of Cy5 signal with neurons (β3-Tubulin), astrocytes (GFAP), and microglia (Iba-1). Scale bars, 50 μm ( n = 3). (I and J) (I) Quantification of Cy5 fluorescence associated with each cell type and (J) fold change in Cy5-positive cell populations ( n = 3 independent experiments). (K) Schematic showing PMPC-mediated targeting of PLNP-mRNA to the BBB via binding to chTs and nAChRs on endothelial cells. (L) Brain-wide GFP expression in C57BL/6 mice 24 h after systemic administration of PLNP-GFP mRNA, visualized by ex vivo fluorescence imaging. Scale bars: 1 mm (left) and 300 μm (right). (M and N) (M) Quantitative analysis of GFP fluorescence and (N) fold-change in GFP-positive cells in the hippocampal region, compared with LNP-mRNA controls ( n = 3). (O) Representative images showing GFP expression and phosphorylated Tau (AT8) in 3×Tg-AD mice following PLNP-mGFP administration. Scale bars, 150 μm. (P) Quantification of GFP fluorescence intensity in treated mice ( n = 3). Data are presented as mean ± SD. For in vitro studies ( B–2D), mRNA concentration was 2 μg/mL. For in vivo experiments ( E–2P), dosage was 1 mg mRNA equiv./kg.

    Techniques Used: Transfection, In Vitro, In Vivo, Flow Cytometry, Labeling, Incubation, Fluorescence, Confocal Microscopy, Imaging, Injection, Ex Vivo, Isolation, Binding Assay, Expressing, Concentration Assay

    Related Articles

    Transfection:

    Article Title: Blood-brain barrier-penetrative lipid nanoparticles enable systemic delivery of TRIM11 mRNA to disaggregate Tau in Alzheimer’s disease models
    Article Snippet: β3-Tubulin Monoclonal Antibody , HUABIO , CatET1602-4;RRID: AB_2938592.

    In Vitro:

    Article Title: Blood-brain barrier-penetrative lipid nanoparticles enable systemic delivery of TRIM11 mRNA to disaggregate Tau in Alzheimer’s disease models
    Article Snippet: β3-Tubulin Monoclonal Antibody , HUABIO , CatET1602-4;RRID: AB_2938592.

    In Vivo:

    Article Title: Blood-brain barrier-penetrative lipid nanoparticles enable systemic delivery of TRIM11 mRNA to disaggregate Tau in Alzheimer’s disease models
    Article Snippet: β3-Tubulin Monoclonal Antibody , HUABIO , CatET1602-4;RRID: AB_2938592.

    Flow Cytometry:

    Article Title: Blood-brain barrier-penetrative lipid nanoparticles enable systemic delivery of TRIM11 mRNA to disaggregate Tau in Alzheimer’s disease models
    Article Snippet: β3-Tubulin Monoclonal Antibody , HUABIO , CatET1602-4;RRID: AB_2938592.

    Labeling:

    Article Title: Blood-brain barrier-penetrative lipid nanoparticles enable systemic delivery of TRIM11 mRNA to disaggregate Tau in Alzheimer’s disease models
    Article Snippet: β3-Tubulin Monoclonal Antibody , HUABIO , CatET1602-4;RRID: AB_2938592.

    Incubation:

    Article Title: Blood-brain barrier-penetrative lipid nanoparticles enable systemic delivery of TRIM11 mRNA to disaggregate Tau in Alzheimer’s disease models
    Article Snippet: β3-Tubulin Monoclonal Antibody , HUABIO , CatET1602-4;RRID: AB_2938592.

    Fluorescence:

    Article Title: Blood-brain barrier-penetrative lipid nanoparticles enable systemic delivery of TRIM11 mRNA to disaggregate Tau in Alzheimer’s disease models
    Article Snippet: β3-Tubulin Monoclonal Antibody , HUABIO , CatET1602-4;RRID: AB_2938592.

    Confocal Microscopy:

    Article Title: Blood-brain barrier-penetrative lipid nanoparticles enable systemic delivery of TRIM11 mRNA to disaggregate Tau in Alzheimer’s disease models
    Article Snippet: β3-Tubulin Monoclonal Antibody , HUABIO , CatET1602-4;RRID: AB_2938592.

    Imaging:

    Article Title: Blood-brain barrier-penetrative lipid nanoparticles enable systemic delivery of TRIM11 mRNA to disaggregate Tau in Alzheimer’s disease models
    Article Snippet: β3-Tubulin Monoclonal Antibody , HUABIO , CatET1602-4;RRID: AB_2938592.

    Injection:

    Article Title: Blood-brain barrier-penetrative lipid nanoparticles enable systemic delivery of TRIM11 mRNA to disaggregate Tau in Alzheimer’s disease models
    Article Snippet: β3-Tubulin Monoclonal Antibody , HUABIO , CatET1602-4;RRID: AB_2938592.

    Ex Vivo:

    Article Title: Blood-brain barrier-penetrative lipid nanoparticles enable systemic delivery of TRIM11 mRNA to disaggregate Tau in Alzheimer’s disease models
    Article Snippet: β3-Tubulin Monoclonal Antibody , HUABIO , CatET1602-4;RRID: AB_2938592.

    Isolation:

    Article Title: Blood-brain barrier-penetrative lipid nanoparticles enable systemic delivery of TRIM11 mRNA to disaggregate Tau in Alzheimer’s disease models
    Article Snippet: β3-Tubulin Monoclonal Antibody , HUABIO , CatET1602-4;RRID: AB_2938592.

    Binding Assay:

    Article Title: Blood-brain barrier-penetrative lipid nanoparticles enable systemic delivery of TRIM11 mRNA to disaggregate Tau in Alzheimer’s disease models
    Article Snippet: β3-Tubulin Monoclonal Antibody , HUABIO , CatET1602-4;RRID: AB_2938592.

    Expressing:

    Article Title: Blood-brain barrier-penetrative lipid nanoparticles enable systemic delivery of TRIM11 mRNA to disaggregate Tau in Alzheimer’s disease models
    Article Snippet: β3-Tubulin Monoclonal Antibody , HUABIO , CatET1602-4;RRID: AB_2938592.

    Concentration Assay:

    Article Title: Blood-brain barrier-penetrative lipid nanoparticles enable systemic delivery of TRIM11 mRNA to disaggregate Tau in Alzheimer’s disease models
    Article Snippet: β3-Tubulin Monoclonal Antibody , HUABIO , CatET1602-4;RRID: AB_2938592.



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    Image Search Results


    PLNP-mRNA exhibits enhanced BBB penetration and robust gene transfection in vitro and in vivo (A) Schematic representation of features of PLNP-mRNA. (B) Flow cytometry analysis of cellular uptake of Cy5-labeled PLNP-mRNA in SH-SY5Y cells after 4-h incubation. (C) Corresponding confocal fluorescence images of intracellular Cy5 signal. Scale bars, 10 μm ( n = 3). (D) GFP mRNA transfection efficiency of PLNPs in SH-SY5Y cells after 24-h incubation as determined by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy (inset). Scale bars, 50 μm ( n = 3). (E) In vivo whole-brain fluorescence imaging (left) and (right) quantification of Cy5-labeled PLNP-mRNA distribution in C57BL/6 mice 0.5 h post-intravenous injection (1 mg Cy5-mRNA equiv./kg), showing enhanced brain accumulation relative to controls ( n = 3). (F and G) (F) Ex vivo fluorescence imaging of brains isolated from treated mice and (G) quantification of Cy5 fluorescence intensity specifically in the hippocampus. Scale bars: 1 mm (left) and 300 μm (right) ( n = 3). (H) Representative confocal images showing co-localization of Cy5 signal with neurons (β3-Tubulin), astrocytes (GFAP), and microglia (Iba-1). Scale bars, 50 μm ( n = 3). (I and J) (I) Quantification of Cy5 fluorescence associated with each cell type and (J) fold change in Cy5-positive cell populations ( n = 3 independent experiments). (K) Schematic showing PMPC-mediated targeting of PLNP-mRNA to the BBB via binding to chTs and nAChRs on endothelial cells. (L) Brain-wide GFP expression in C57BL/6 mice 24 h after systemic administration of PLNP-GFP mRNA, visualized by ex vivo fluorescence imaging. Scale bars: 1 mm (left) and 300 μm (right). (M and N) (M) Quantitative analysis of GFP fluorescence and (N) fold-change in GFP-positive cells in the hippocampal region, compared with LNP-mRNA controls ( n = 3). (O) Representative images showing GFP expression and phosphorylated Tau (AT8) in 3×Tg-AD mice following PLNP-mGFP administration. Scale bars, 150 μm. (P) Quantification of GFP fluorescence intensity in treated mice ( n = 3). Data are presented as mean ± SD. For in vitro studies ( B–2D), mRNA concentration was 2 μg/mL. For in vivo experiments ( E–2P), dosage was 1 mg mRNA equiv./kg.

    Journal: Cell Reports Medicine

    Article Title: Blood-brain barrier-penetrative lipid nanoparticles enable systemic delivery of TRIM11 mRNA to disaggregate Tau in Alzheimer’s disease models

    doi: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2026.102685

    Figure Lengend Snippet: PLNP-mRNA exhibits enhanced BBB penetration and robust gene transfection in vitro and in vivo (A) Schematic representation of features of PLNP-mRNA. (B) Flow cytometry analysis of cellular uptake of Cy5-labeled PLNP-mRNA in SH-SY5Y cells after 4-h incubation. (C) Corresponding confocal fluorescence images of intracellular Cy5 signal. Scale bars, 10 μm ( n = 3). (D) GFP mRNA transfection efficiency of PLNPs in SH-SY5Y cells after 24-h incubation as determined by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy (inset). Scale bars, 50 μm ( n = 3). (E) In vivo whole-brain fluorescence imaging (left) and (right) quantification of Cy5-labeled PLNP-mRNA distribution in C57BL/6 mice 0.5 h post-intravenous injection (1 mg Cy5-mRNA equiv./kg), showing enhanced brain accumulation relative to controls ( n = 3). (F and G) (F) Ex vivo fluorescence imaging of brains isolated from treated mice and (G) quantification of Cy5 fluorescence intensity specifically in the hippocampus. Scale bars: 1 mm (left) and 300 μm (right) ( n = 3). (H) Representative confocal images showing co-localization of Cy5 signal with neurons (β3-Tubulin), astrocytes (GFAP), and microglia (Iba-1). Scale bars, 50 μm ( n = 3). (I and J) (I) Quantification of Cy5 fluorescence associated with each cell type and (J) fold change in Cy5-positive cell populations ( n = 3 independent experiments). (K) Schematic showing PMPC-mediated targeting of PLNP-mRNA to the BBB via binding to chTs and nAChRs on endothelial cells. (L) Brain-wide GFP expression in C57BL/6 mice 24 h after systemic administration of PLNP-GFP mRNA, visualized by ex vivo fluorescence imaging. Scale bars: 1 mm (left) and 300 μm (right). (M and N) (M) Quantitative analysis of GFP fluorescence and (N) fold-change in GFP-positive cells in the hippocampal region, compared with LNP-mRNA controls ( n = 3). (O) Representative images showing GFP expression and phosphorylated Tau (AT8) in 3×Tg-AD mice following PLNP-mGFP administration. Scale bars, 150 μm. (P) Quantification of GFP fluorescence intensity in treated mice ( n = 3). Data are presented as mean ± SD. For in vitro studies ( B–2D), mRNA concentration was 2 μg/mL. For in vivo experiments ( E–2P), dosage was 1 mg mRNA equiv./kg.

    Article Snippet: β3-Tubulin Monoclonal Antibody , HUABIO , Cat#ET1602-4;RRID: AB_2938592.

    Techniques: Transfection, In Vitro, In Vivo, Flow Cytometry, Labeling, Incubation, Fluorescence, Confocal Microscopy, Imaging, Injection, Ex Vivo, Isolation, Binding Assay, Expressing, Concentration Assay

    Histological alterations in the cornea at different time points after lacrimal gland excision. (A) Light microscopy images of the central cornea after hematoxylin and eosin staining for the sham side at 1 week post-surgery and the excision side at 1, 4 and 8 week post-surgery (Left panel: original magnification, × 40; scale bar, 50 μm. Right panel: magnified images within the dashed line in the left panel.). The arrow indicates the neovascular formations in the stroma. (B) Quantitative analysis of the number of cell nuclei in the stroma. Results are presented as the mean ± SEM ( n = 5 for each group. Statistical significance was assessed using two-way ANOVA, * P < 0.05 and ** P < 0.01, versus the sham side; ## P < 0.01 versus 1-week post-surgery). (C) Light microscopy images of the central cornea after tubulin βIII–immunostaining for the sham side at 1 week post-surgery and the excision side at 1, 4, and 8 weeks post-surgery (Left panel: original magnification, × 40; scale bar, 50 μm. Right panel: magnified images within the dashed line in the left panel.). (D) Quantitative analysis of the tubulin βIII-positive area in the epithelium, representing nerve density. Each column and the vertical bar represent the mean ± SEM ( n = 5 for each group; Two-way ANOVA, * P < 0.05 compared to the sham side, and ## P < 0.01 compared to the 1-week post-surgery).

    Journal: Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience

    Article Title: Tear deficiency transforms spatial distribution of corneal calcitonin gene-related peptide-positive nerves in rats

    doi: 10.3389/fncel.2025.1619310

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Histological alterations in the cornea at different time points after lacrimal gland excision. (A) Light microscopy images of the central cornea after hematoxylin and eosin staining for the sham side at 1 week post-surgery and the excision side at 1, 4 and 8 week post-surgery (Left panel: original magnification, × 40; scale bar, 50 μm. Right panel: magnified images within the dashed line in the left panel.). The arrow indicates the neovascular formations in the stroma. (B) Quantitative analysis of the number of cell nuclei in the stroma. Results are presented as the mean ± SEM ( n = 5 for each group. Statistical significance was assessed using two-way ANOVA, * P < 0.05 and ** P < 0.01, versus the sham side; ## P < 0.01 versus 1-week post-surgery). (C) Light microscopy images of the central cornea after tubulin βIII–immunostaining for the sham side at 1 week post-surgery and the excision side at 1, 4, and 8 weeks post-surgery (Left panel: original magnification, × 40; scale bar, 50 μm. Right panel: magnified images within the dashed line in the left panel.). (D) Quantitative analysis of the tubulin βIII-positive area in the epithelium, representing nerve density. Each column and the vertical bar represent the mean ± SEM ( n = 5 for each group; Two-way ANOVA, * P < 0.05 compared to the sham side, and ## P < 0.01 compared to the 1-week post-surgery).

    Article Snippet: Thereafter, the specimens were incubated with anti-tubulin βIII mouse monoclonal (sc-80005; Santa Cruz Biotechnology) and anti-CGRP rabbit polyclonal (Y340; Yanaihara Institute Inc., Shizuoka, Japan) as primary antibodies (both diluted 1:200), for 2 days at 4°C.

    Techniques: Light Microscopy, Staining, Immunostaining

    Changes in corneal nerve morphology in whole-mount preparations after lacrimal gland excision. The localization of tubulin βIII–positive nerve fibers (red) and CGRP–positive nerve fibers (green) in the sham side at 1 week post-surgery and the excision side at 1, 4, and 8 weeks post-surgery. (A) Corneal subbasal nerve plexus in the epithelium (original magnification, × 20; scale bar, 50 μm). (B) Corneal nerve innervation in the stroma at a depth of approximately 50–100 μm from the corneal surface (original magnification, × 20; scale bar, 50 μm).

    Journal: Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience

    Article Title: Tear deficiency transforms spatial distribution of corneal calcitonin gene-related peptide-positive nerves in rats

    doi: 10.3389/fncel.2025.1619310

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Changes in corneal nerve morphology in whole-mount preparations after lacrimal gland excision. The localization of tubulin βIII–positive nerve fibers (red) and CGRP–positive nerve fibers (green) in the sham side at 1 week post-surgery and the excision side at 1, 4, and 8 weeks post-surgery. (A) Corneal subbasal nerve plexus in the epithelium (original magnification, × 20; scale bar, 50 μm). (B) Corneal nerve innervation in the stroma at a depth of approximately 50–100 μm from the corneal surface (original magnification, × 20; scale bar, 50 μm).

    Article Snippet: Thereafter, the specimens were incubated with anti-tubulin βIII mouse monoclonal (sc-80005; Santa Cruz Biotechnology) and anti-CGRP rabbit polyclonal (Y340; Yanaihara Institute Inc., Shizuoka, Japan) as primary antibodies (both diluted 1:200), for 2 days at 4°C.

    Techniques:

    Histological alterations in the cornea at different time points after lacrimal gland excision. (A) Light microscopy images of the central cornea after hematoxylin and eosin staining for the sham side at 1 week post-surgery and the excision side at 1, 4 and 8 week post-surgery (Left panel: original magnification, × 40; scale bar, 50 μm. Right panel: magnified images within the dashed line in the left panel.). The arrow indicates the neovascular formations in the stroma. (B) Quantitative analysis of the number of cell nuclei in the stroma. Results are presented as the mean ± SEM ( n = 5 for each group. Statistical significance was assessed using two-way ANOVA, * P < 0.05 and ** P < 0.01, versus the sham side; ## P < 0.01 versus 1-week post-surgery). (C) Light microscopy images of the central cornea after tubulin βIII–immunostaining for the sham side at 1 week post-surgery and the excision side at 1, 4, and 8 weeks post-surgery (Left panel: original magnification, × 40; scale bar, 50 μm. Right panel: magnified images within the dashed line in the left panel.). (D) Quantitative analysis of the tubulin βIII-positive area in the epithelium, representing nerve density. Each column and the vertical bar represent the mean ± SEM ( n = 5 for each group; Two-way ANOVA, * P < 0.05 compared to the sham side, and ## P < 0.01 compared to the 1-week post-surgery).

    Journal: Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience

    Article Title: Tear deficiency transforms spatial distribution of corneal calcitonin gene-related peptide-positive nerves in rats

    doi: 10.3389/fncel.2025.1619310

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Histological alterations in the cornea at different time points after lacrimal gland excision. (A) Light microscopy images of the central cornea after hematoxylin and eosin staining for the sham side at 1 week post-surgery and the excision side at 1, 4 and 8 week post-surgery (Left panel: original magnification, × 40; scale bar, 50 μm. Right panel: magnified images within the dashed line in the left panel.). The arrow indicates the neovascular formations in the stroma. (B) Quantitative analysis of the number of cell nuclei in the stroma. Results are presented as the mean ± SEM ( n = 5 for each group. Statistical significance was assessed using two-way ANOVA, * P < 0.05 and ** P < 0.01, versus the sham side; ## P < 0.01 versus 1-week post-surgery). (C) Light microscopy images of the central cornea after tubulin βIII–immunostaining for the sham side at 1 week post-surgery and the excision side at 1, 4, and 8 weeks post-surgery (Left panel: original magnification, × 40; scale bar, 50 μm. Right panel: magnified images within the dashed line in the left panel.). (D) Quantitative analysis of the tubulin βIII-positive area in the epithelium, representing nerve density. Each column and the vertical bar represent the mean ± SEM ( n = 5 for each group; Two-way ANOVA, * P < 0.05 compared to the sham side, and ## P < 0.01 compared to the 1-week post-surgery).

    Article Snippet: For immunohistochemical staining, the sections were incubated for overnight at 4°C with an anti-tubulin βIII mouse monoclonal antibody (sc-80005; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Dallas, TX, USA) diluted 1:200, an anti-Sema3A mouse monoclonal antibody (sc-74554, diluted 1:1000; Santa Cruz Biotechnology) and an anti-Sema7A mouse monoclonal antibody (sc-374432, diluted 1:400; Santa Cruz Biotechnology).

    Techniques: Light Microscopy, Staining, Immunostaining

    Changes in corneal nerve morphology in whole-mount preparations after lacrimal gland excision. The localization of tubulin βIII–positive nerve fibers (red) and CGRP–positive nerve fibers (green) in the sham side at 1 week post-surgery and the excision side at 1, 4, and 8 weeks post-surgery. (A) Corneal subbasal nerve plexus in the epithelium (original magnification, × 20; scale bar, 50 μm). (B) Corneal nerve innervation in the stroma at a depth of approximately 50–100 μm from the corneal surface (original magnification, × 20; scale bar, 50 μm).

    Journal: Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience

    Article Title: Tear deficiency transforms spatial distribution of corneal calcitonin gene-related peptide-positive nerves in rats

    doi: 10.3389/fncel.2025.1619310

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Changes in corneal nerve morphology in whole-mount preparations after lacrimal gland excision. The localization of tubulin βIII–positive nerve fibers (red) and CGRP–positive nerve fibers (green) in the sham side at 1 week post-surgery and the excision side at 1, 4, and 8 weeks post-surgery. (A) Corneal subbasal nerve plexus in the epithelium (original magnification, × 20; scale bar, 50 μm). (B) Corneal nerve innervation in the stroma at a depth of approximately 50–100 μm from the corneal surface (original magnification, × 20; scale bar, 50 μm).

    Article Snippet: For immunohistochemical staining, the sections were incubated for overnight at 4°C with an anti-tubulin βIII mouse monoclonal antibody (sc-80005; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Dallas, TX, USA) diluted 1:200, an anti-Sema3A mouse monoclonal antibody (sc-74554, diluted 1:1000; Santa Cruz Biotechnology) and an anti-Sema7A mouse monoclonal antibody (sc-374432, diluted 1:400; Santa Cruz Biotechnology).

    Techniques: